Finite Element Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Finite Element Analysis - Essay Example n into "series of smaller regions in which the differential equations are approximately solved; by assembling the set of equations for each region, the behaviour over the entire problem domain is determined". Considering a three-dimensional body (as shown in the figure), assume that force F is acting on the body, whereas the body is under gravitational pull by the virtue of its weight represented. The distributed load T is also acting of the body. The part of the body is segmented, and single specific outer surface is considered. The body is under stress, as result of the application of the external force, the distributed load and the gravitational force. The external force acts on surface of the body, and is regarded as the surface forces, whereas the weight is acting on the entire volume of the body and is regarded as the body forces. By the virtue of its material characteristic, the body will tend to deform upon application of the external force. The body initially behaves within the elastic limits, and will therefore retain its shape after the surface forces are withdrawn. This tentative deformation with the body in terms of length, area and volume is regarded as the strain. As per Cartesian system, the developed strain can be explained as, This entire set of differential equations is configured on the element of volume. Further calculations are pursued to obtain the energy change in the entire system due to the application of the forces. The node is the critical point for the specific surface. The location of this point is based upon the value of the known field variable. In specific cases, the net displacement at support node is amounted to be zero, in similar manner the temperature values are prescribed at nodes. The nodes are considered to the points at the boundaries of the finite element mesh. The mesh is the marking of regions on the surface area, and therefore in the case of continuous regions no gaps are evident during finite element mesh. The

Faith Is Being Sure Of What We Hope

Faith Is Being Sure Of What We Hope Faith is being sure of what we hope for and certain of what we do not see. This is a big part of believing in God and even life itself. We have faith in everything from a car not stopping in the middle of the interstate, to the roof on are house not toppling down on us as were sitting on our couch. We dont personally go and check every bolt and screw on an airplane before we let a stranger fly us through the air. This is because we have great faith in the airplane and the pilot. To have faith in God isnt a reward we are given by how much time we read the Bible or by how much we go to church. Faith is a gift from God. We are given faith by believing that Jesus is the Christ, the son of God. Without faith it is impossible to please God, because anyone who comes to him must believe that he exists and that he rewards those who earnestly seek him.(Hebrew 11:6) To have faith we also have to obey God. Our inner attitude does not define faith alone. (James 2:17) In the same way, faith by itself, if it is not accompanied by action, is dead. (James 2:19-24) You believe that there is one God. Good! Even the demons believe that- and shudder. You foolish man, do you want evidence that faith without deeds is useless? Was not our ancestor Abraham considered righteous for what he did when he offered his son Isaac on the alter? And the scripture was fulfilled that says, Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness, and he was called Gods friend. You see that a person is justified by what he does and not by faith alone. A person is justified by deeds only by man; because man cannot see our faith. Our faith is justified by God. Our deeds do not save us, but they are the evidence to our saving faith. If we could save ourselves by deeds, Jesus has not done any help for us. Faith saves us and faith alone. (Ephesians 2:1-2) For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith-and this not from yourselves, it is the gift of God-not by works, so that no one can boast. For we are Gods workmanship, created in Christ Jesus to do good works, which God prepared in advance for us to do. The disciples had great faith and sometimes we desire to have faith like them. Since we have not seen Jesus and still believe we have greater faith. Because you have seen me you have believed, blessed are those who have not yet seen but still believe. (John 20: 29) People that have seen Jesus and believe will not be punished, but that the people that have not seen Jesus and still believe are blessed. By having faith and believing in God we will have everlasting life. But these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name.(John 20:31) HOW TO GET FAITH? To get faith we have to believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God and we will get the gift of faith and have life in his name. Faith can also come through the message through the word of Christ. (Romans 10:17) Consequently, faith comes from hearing the message, and the message is heard through the word of Christ. Sometimes we will have a problem believing that Jesus is the Christ, the son of God and that he died on the cross for our sins. We should then, fill are selves with Gods word and meditate it with our heart. To do this we should read the Bible. We will soon realize that Jesus is the way the truth and the life.(John 14:6) Once we become a Christian and have great faith, we can compare our life to what it used to be without God and we can see that the struggles were harder when we did not have God leading us through them. We know that our faith will not always stay at the same level. (2 Thessalonians 1:3) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.because your faith is growing more and moreà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. We can pray, study the Bible, go to church, and serve God. These things will not give us faith, but they can help us grow in our faith. We should always continue to praise the lord as a sacrifice! (Hebrews 13:15) We should continually offer to God a sacrifice of praise. This will also help us grow in Faith. Sometimes we get caught spending all of our time shopping, cooking, and even work. This will consume all of our thoughts and God will be slowly pushed out of our lives, then when we have a problem we will go to God and use him to help us with our problems but we will never think to give thanks to him. You should spend most of your time reading the bible, praying to God, and thanking him for everything he has given us. Jesus died on the cross for us and has given us some very great things; the least we could do is thank him for the stuff he has given us and praise him with all we have. If we have done some really bad things in our life and dont think that God would ever forgive us or even love us anymore, think again! God will always love us and forgive us, no matter what we have done. We could be the ones not honoring our mother and father or have even murdered someone, but they are both sins, both having consequences. Everybody sins and if we just ask for forgiveness and believe, we will have everlasting life and your journey with the Lord will continue in the right direction. When we accept God into your heart, our life will not be perfect. It does have great things that come with it though! If we have struggles in our life that you think will never go away, we can pray to God and he will help us through it. When a problem comes up and we have nothing left, we can always count on God to be there for us! God is the one that we will always need and the one that will always love us! To know God will always forgive and love us, should give us the courage to love and forgive our enemies. If we are striving to go in the right direction and want to live our life praising, and serving God, the door will always be open. To ask Jesus Christ to be in our life is easy but it will be the biggest decision we will make in our whole entire life. God has led me to do many things that will help his kingdom grow and they were things I never thought of doing, but through faith I did it and I was rewarded. Faith is a big thing in everyones life, I encourage everyone to go out and do the thing that God is calling you to do. This thing might be very hard to understand or you might not trust that he will get you through it but God has a plan for us and he will guide us through it and reward us for what we have done. We need to use faith and trust in God as we take these steps into the right journey. DOUBTS Doubts are when we are skeptical about something or have undecided feelings. Doubts can come running in our life at a bolting speed, and will compete with everything for are attention. Sometimes we can be drowning in doubt until something reassures us of our faith. (Proverbs 3:5) Trust in the lord with all your heart and lean not on your own understanding; in all your ways acknowledge him, and he will make your paths straight. If we are a true Christians and human beings, we will experience doubts. We have not seen Jesus therefore we will have doubt. There will be a point when we hit something that will make us decide between faith and doubt. This will help us grow in Faith. In the Bible there were people that had not believed in Jesus until they had seen him. Thomas did not believe the other eleven disciples when they had said (John 20:25, 27) we have seen the Lord. Thomas said Unless I see the nail marks in his hands and put my finger where the nails were, and put my hand into his side, I will not believe it. Jesus then came in through the locked doors and said Peace be with you! Put your finger here; see my hands. Reach out your hand and put it into my side. Stop doubting and believe. Doubts arent always a bad thing though. Doubts can help guide us through our journey with God. When we have doubts we might not think that we will still have everlasting life in Heaven, but doubts can help us have greater faith in the long run. When we doubt we will ask more questions to find out everything we want to know. We will learn why God is the answer and why the other theories have no way of being possible. We will also start reading the Bible more and going to church more so we reassure are faith. Doubts dont mean youre not a Christian or that you dont have faith, it just means that you doubt because we believe in God and he is unseen! Doubts are normal in life. Its hard to build so much faith up of something that we have not seen and not knowing if its going to be true until we see it, but we need to believe and trust in the lord. Have you ever got caught thinking Maybe God isnt real. Or maybe Is it to good to be true? or How could God have done this? But the truth it is a great thing that God made this Universe. If we think about it God Is REAL because who could have made this Earth? Who could have made us? It had to be someone so great just like God. Sometimes we even doubt because we have prayed and what we prayed did not go are way or we got hurt by a loved one dying. God disciplines us because he treats us as sons- everyone has had discipline. God disciplines us for our good, it is painful at the time but later you have a harvest of righteousness and peace for us if we are trained by it. (Hebrews 12:7-13) Endure hardship as discipline; God is treating you as sons. For what son is not disciplined by his father? If you are not disciplined (and everyone undergoes discipline), then you are illegitimate children and not true sons. Moreover, we have all had human fathers who disciplined us and we respected them for it. How much more should we submit to the Father of our spirits and live! Our fathers disciplined us for a little while as they thought best; but God disciplines us for our good, that we may share in his holiness no discipline seems pleasant at the time, but painful. Later on, however, it produces a harvest of righteousne ss and peace for those who have been trained by it. Therefore, strengthen your feeble arms and weak knees. Make level paths for your feet so that the lame may not be disabled. Sometimes we will pray to God, testing him so that we can believe. We will tell him God if you let me get a job promotion or get on the high school basketball team the next day then I will believe. When that doesnt happen it does not mean God is not real or doesnt answer prayers, it just means that we want the job promotion or the high school basketball team more than we would love to believe in God. God is not a person that will hand us things when we so desire, but does answer our prayers. (Jeremiah 33:3) Call to me and I will answer you and tell you great and unsearchable things you do not know.He also promises to answer are prayers. (Isaiah 65:24) Before they call I will answer; while they are still speaking I will hear. Once we see beyond the image of God giving us what we wish for, his word promises we have confidence that we will receive anything we ask for. (1 John 3:21-22) Dear friends, if our hearts do not condemn us, we have confidence before God and receive from him anyth ing we ask, because we obey his commands and do what pleases him. God is not a force that is just someplace. God is everywhere and he is a God that is personal with us and he is the spirit. He cares for us and he knows us all and even the number of hairs on our heads. (Luke 12:7) Indeed, the very hairs of your head are all numbered. It is easier to realize that God is real when you know that he is not a fairytale or a force; he is the spirit. THE END Life is an experience of living. We have two lives. One is where we are born from a human being on Earth and the other is when we die we will be born again and we will be sent to Heaven to be with God. Here on Earth we have troubles mentally, physically, spiritually, and many other ways, but in Heaven it is perfect. (Revelation 4:1-3) Heaven is where God lives. It is where God is on his throne and is the full and complete expression of Gods kingship. Heaven has no pain, sorrow, deaths, crying, or sadness. In the Bible there is not a lot of information on Heaven is going to look or be, we just know that it will be a perfect place! We can only imagine what Heaven will be like, but God has way better plans then we could ever come up with, or even imagine. If we saw a mansion we would deliberate that the houses in Heaven will be three times as big, but that is not what they will be like because it would not be superior enough. Heaven is a reward for those who overcome everything in the life we are living. (Revelation 3:21) Heaven offers rewards for those who overcome in this life. To get to Heaven we dont just live life, we have to believe in God as were living! (John 3:16) For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have everlasting life. One of the many immense things about Heaven is there is never a time when God runs out of rooms. (John 14:2) In my Fathers house are many rooms; if it were not so, I would have told you. God does not send only the best people, that have greater faith, or the ones that have done better things, he will send everyone to Heaven that believes in him.

screw the world religions :: essays research papers

Find Your Happy Place   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I am an agnostic, but contemplating atheism. Agnostics like the idea of God; however they feel that it cannot be proven, while an atheist just flat out doesn’t believe. I was raised Jewish, but I have never been very religious, although my parents sent me to Hebrew school, and forced me to go to temple. Over the years that I have spent being taught Hebrew, and reading the stories from The Old Testament, I have come to realize that that is all they really are, stories. I mean come on, Noah’s Ark, Adam and Eve; you have got to be kidding me. The Old Testament is the Jewish holy book, written by the Hebrews in order to explain everything they couldn’t understand. For instance, look at the story of Noah’s ark. There was an ice age in the very early days of man and most places were completely frozen over. The Hebrews could not understand how any of the animals survived the ice, so they made up a story about Noah and his ark. Supposedly Noah was to bring two of each species of animals on his boat. However, there are over 50 million different species of animal, and boat with that capacity would have been the size of Texas. In addition to the fairytales of The Old Testament, let’s take a look at some of the very corrupt teachings in the Bible. There is a specific passage in the book of Leviticus, in which there is a man of Egyptian and Israeli descent passing through an Israeli camp. He happens to make a remark about God, and they sentenced him to death by stoning. â€Å"Now an Israelite woman’s son, whose father was an Egyptian, went out among the people of Israel; and the Israelite woman’s son and a man of Israel quarreled in the camp, and the Israelite woman’s son blasphemed the Name, and cursed. And they brought him to Moses. His mother’s name was Shelo’mith, the daughter of Dibri, and the tribe of Dan. And they put him in custody, till the will of the LORD should be declared to them. And the LORD said to Moses, â€Å"Bring out of the camp him who cursed; and let all who heard him lay their hands upon his head, and let all the congregation stone him. And s ay to the people of Israel, Whoever curses his God shall bear his sin.

Is Economics a Science?

The word â€Å"Economics† is derived from the Greeks word â€Å"Oikonomos† which means to manage the house. So it means the management of a household especially in those matters, which are relating to the income and expenses of the family. After sometime, the term economy was adopted. Economics is regarded as a Social SCIENCE and not a PURE science like Physics or Chemistry because it uses scientific methods to build theories that can help explain the behaviour of individuals, groups and organisations and does not deal directly with experiments with matter. Economics attempts to explain economic behaviour, which arises when scarce resources are used to fulfil unlimited human needs. 1. It is a science because economists can experiment:- In terms of methodology, economists, employ different methods, based primarily on observation and deduction and the construction of abstract models to make experiments with numbers and data. As the social sciences have evolved there are now many different strands of investigation including micro and macro economics, pure and applied economics, and industrial ,social ,environmental and financial economics. . Economics is a science because it can make predictions Economists use scientific observation and deduction in their investigations using index numbers, base year and current year figures and past data. Economists frequently use versions of the demand and supply model to help explain events such as realty prices trends and movements. Economic models usually employ graphical and mathematical analysis to help explain and illustrate such economic processes. 3. It is both a Positive and normative science. As a social science, economics attempts to use the principles and methods of science to explain economic behaviour. This involves making positive statements about the economic world. Positive statements are those that can be verified, and are factual, such as: ‘.. House prices have fallen by 15% over the last year†¦ ’ In contrast, normative statements are based on opinion and value judgement. Statements suggesting that something ‘ought to’ happen, or that something is ‘unfair’, are normative because they are matters of opinion. For example, ‘.. the recent fall in house prices is unfair to the rich.. ’. This statement cannot be tested because it not based on anything testable. If there is an agreed definition of fairness, and it can be measured, then it might be possible to test the effect of the change in house prices on the degree of fairness experienced by a certain identifiable group of people defined as rich. Therefore, this statement is normative, impossible to verify, and based on opinion rather than fact. 4. Economics is a social science because it follows the â€Å" ceteris paribus† rule( all other things remaining the same) just like in an experiment In the real world, economic variables such as price and income, are constantly changing, and this creates a problem in demonstrating the relationship between variables. For example, a fall in price is likely to lead to a rise in consumer demand if we assume nothing else changes. Of course, for independent reasons, income could also fall and demand does not rise. The fall in price could have been counteracted by a fall in income. The ceteris paribus rule, that all other things remain the same, is used whenever attempting to demonstrate the link between economic variables. 5. Economic theories are based on facts and can be proven by deductions and mathematical precision. 6. Economics is a systematic and standardised process of studying human behaviour in the context of the unlimited need, limited resources and their allocation and hence it is a science. Conclusion- Just like all other sciences economics too is logical, rational and provable through experiments and factual data and hence we conclude that economics is a science. b) ECONOMICS AND RELEVANCE TO LAW- 5 points Economics is the branch of knowledge concerned with the production, consumption, and transfer of wealth. It is the social science that analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Now the Question is whether Economics is a science or not? Law, as a social science, is closely related to many cognate disciplines in the social and natural sciences. And law does not operate in a vacuum, law works in the society and economics is an important part of the society. Its relevance must relate to the overall values of society. Economics, it is said, is the science of rational choices in a world of limited resources. And the term ‘resources’ here does not relate only to money but can be of any type. Both are related to each other such that: 1. Law and economics is the application of economic methods for the analysis of law. Economic concepts are used to explain the effects of laws, to assess which legal rules are economically efficient, and to predict which legal rules will be promulgated. For eg- Law about taxation , laws on custom duties etc,. In other words â€Å"Law and economics,† also known as the economic analysis of law, differs from other forms of legal analysis in two main ways. 1. First, the theoretical economic analysis focuses on Efficiency or economic benefit. 2. The second characteristic of law and economics is its emphasis on incentives and people’s responses to these laws/incentives. 2. As used by lawyers and legal scholars, the phrase â€Å"law and economics† refers to the application of the methods of economics to legal problems. Using the best resource available, prioritizing etc 3. Both Law and economics stresses that markets are more efficient than courts. When possible, the legal system, according to the positive theory, will force a transaction into the market. When this is impossible, the legal system attempts to â€Å"mimic a market† and guess at what the parties would have desired if markets had been feasible. 4. Law and economics are related because they both share the same assumption with other branches of economics that individuals are rational and logical in decision making and respond to incentives and punishments. When penalties for an action increase, people will undertake less of that action. For eg- Huge penalties for economic offences deters the future offenders. 5. Law and economics is more likely than other branches of legal analysis to use empirical or statistical methods to measure these responses to incentives. Lawyers have to quote figures and data and statistics to argue their cases. Hence both economics and law rely on empirical data. In the United States, economic analysis of law has been extremely influential. Judicial opinions utilize economic analysis and the theories of law and economics with regularity. The influence of law and economics has also been felt in legal education. Many law schools in North America, Europe, and Asia have faculty members with a degree in economics. Conclusion : Law and economics scholars also apply the tools of economics, such as game theory, to purely legal questions, such as various parties’ litigation strategies. These aspects of law and economics, are of more interest to legal scholars than to students of the economy.

Zoe’s Tale PART III PROLOGUE

I lifted up my dad's PDA and counted off the seconds with the two thousand other people in the room. â€Å"Five! Four! Three! Two! One!† And then there was no noise, because everyone's attention – and I mean everyone's – was glued to the monitors peppered around the Magellan's common area. The screens, which had held starry skies in them, were blank and black, and everyone was holding their breath, waiting for what came next. A world appeared, green and blue. And we all went insane. Because it was our world. It was Roanoke, our new home. We would be the first people to land there, the first people to settle there, the first people to live our lives there. And we celebrated seeing it for that first time, we two thousand settlers of Roanoke, all crammed into that common area, hugging and kissing and singing â€Å"Auld Lang Syne,† because, well, what else do you sing when you come to a new world? A new world, new beginnings, a new year, a new life. New everything. I hugged my best friend Gretchen and we hollered into the microphone I had been using to count down the seconds, and hopped up and down like idiots. When we stopped hopping, a whisper in my ear. â€Å"So beautiful,† Enzo said. I turned to look at him, at this gorgeous, beautiful boy who I was seriously considering making my boyfriend. He was a perfect combination: heart-flutteringly pretty and apparently entirely ignorant of the fact, because he'd been spending the last week trying to charm me with his words, of all things. Words! Like he didn't get the teenage boy manual on how to be completely inarticulate around girls. I appreciated the effort. And I appreciated the fact that when he whispered his words, he was looking at me and not the planet. I glanced over at my parents about six meters away, kissing to celebrate the arrival. That seemed like a good idea. I reached my hand behind Enzo's head to draw him to me and planted one right on his lips. Our first kiss. New world, new life, new boyfriend. What can I say. I was caught up in the moment. Enzo didn't complain. â€Å"‘O brave new world, that has such people in it,'† he said, after I let him breathe again. I smiled at him, my arms still around his neck. â€Å"You've been saving that up,† I said. â€Å"Maybe,† he admitted. â€Å"I wanted you to have a quality first kiss moment.† See. Most sixteen-year-old boys would have used a kiss as an excuse to dive straight for the boobs. He used it as an excuse for Shakespeare. A girl could do worse. â€Å"You're adorable,† I said, kissed him again, then gave him a playful push and launched myself into my parents, breaking up their canoodling and demanding their attention. The two of them were our colony's leaders, and soon enough they would barely have time to breathe. It was best I get in some quality time while I could. We hugged and laughed and then Gretchen yanked me back toward her. â€Å"Look what I have,† she said, and thrust her PDA in my face. It showed a vidcap of me and Enzo kissing. â€Å"You evil little thing,† I said. â€Å"It's amazing,† Gretchen said. â€Å"It actually looks like you're trying to swallow his entire face.† â€Å"Stop it,† I said. â€Å"See? Look,† Gretchen tapped a button, and the vidcap played in slow motion. â€Å"Right there. You're mauling him. Like his lips were made of chocolate.† I was trying very hard not to laugh, because she was actually right about that. â€Å"Wench,† I said. â€Å"Give me that.† I snatched the PDA from her with one hand, erased the file, and handed it back. â€Å"There. Thank you.† â€Å"Oh, no,† Gretchen said, mildly, taking the PDA. â€Å"Learned your lesson about violating the privacy of others?† I said. â€Å"Oh, yes,† Gretchen said. â€Å"Good,† I said. â€Å"Of course, you already forwarded it to everyone we know before you showed it to me, didn't you?† â€Å"Maybe,† Gretchen said, and put her hand to her mouth, eyes wide. â€Å"Evil,† I said, admiringly. â€Å"Thank you,† Gretchen said, and curtsied. â€Å"Just remember I know where you live,† I said. â€Å"For the rest of our lives,† Gretchen said, and then we did embarrassingly girly squeals and had another hug. Living the rest of your life with the same two thousand people ran the risk of being dead-bang boring, but not with Gretchen around. We unhugged and then I looked around to see who else I wanted to celebrate with. Enzo was hovering in the background, but he was smart enough to know that I'd get back to him. I looked over and saw Savitri Guntupalli, my parents' assistant, conferring with my dad very seriously about something. Savitri: She was smart and capable and could be wicked funny, but she was always working. I got between her and Dad and demanded a hug. Yes, I was all about the hugs. But, you know, look: You only get to see your new world for the first time once. â€Å"Zoe,† Dad said, â€Å"can I have my PDA back?† I had taken Dad's PDA because he'd set the exact time the Magellan would skip from the Phoenix system to Roanoke, and used it to count off the last few minutes before the jump. I had my own PDA, of course; it was in my pocket. No doubt the vid-cap of me smooching Enzo was waiting for me in my in-box, just like it was in the in-boxes of all our friends. I made a note to myself to plot revenge against Gretchen. Sweet, merciless revenge. Involving witnesses. And farm animals. But for now I gave Dad back his PDA, gave him a peck on his cheek, and found my way back to Enzo. â€Å"So,† Enzo said, and smiled. God, he was even charming when monosyllabic. The rational part of my brain was lecturing me about how infatuation makes everything seem better than it is; the irrational part (meaning, most of me) was telling the rational part to get well and truly stuffed. â€Å"So,† I said back, not nearly as charmingly, but Enzo didn't seem to notice. â€Å"I was talking to Magdy,† Enzo said. â€Å"Uh-oh,† I said. â€Å"Magdy's not so bad,† Enzo said. â€Å"Sure, for certain values of ‘not so bad,' meaning ‘bad,'† I said. â€Å"And he said that he was talking to some of the Magellan crew,† Enzo said, forging along (charmingly). â€Å"They told him about an observation lounge on the crew level that's usually empty. He says we could get a great view of the planet there.† I glanced over Enzo's shoulder, where Magdy was talking animatedly to Gretchen (or at her, depending on one's point of view). â€Å"I don't think the planet is what he's hoping to view,† I said. Enzo glanced back. â€Å"Maybe not,† he said. â€Å"Although to be fair to Magdy, certain people aren't exactly trying hard not to be viewed.† I crooked an eyebrow at that; it was true enough, although I knew Gretchen was more into the flirting than anything else. â€Å"And what about you?† I said. â€Å"What are you hoping to see?† Enzo smiled and held up his hands, disarmingly. â€Å"Zoe,† he said. â€Å"I just got to kiss you. I think I want to work on that a little more before moving on to anything else.† â€Å"Ooh, nicely said,† I said. â€Å"Do these lines work on all the girls?† â€Å"You're the first girl I've tried them on,† Enzo said. â€Å"So you'll have to let me know.† I actually blushed, and gave him a hug. â€Å"So far, so good,† I said. â€Å"Good,† Enzo said. â€Å"Also, you know. I've seen your bodyguards. I don't think I want them to use me for target practice.† â€Å"What?† I said, mock-shocked. â€Å"You're not frightened of Hickory and Dickory, are you? They're not even here.† Actually, Enzo has a perfectly good reason to be utterly terrified of Hickory and Dickory, who were already vaguely suspicious of him and would happily cycle him out an airlock if he did anything stupid with me. But there was no reason to let him know that yet. Good rule of thumb: When your relationship is minutes old, don't freak out the new squeeze. And anyway, Hickory and Dickory were sitting out this celebration. They were aware they made most of the humans nervous. â€Å"I was actually thinking of your parents,† Enzo said. â€Å"Although they seem to be missing, too.† Enzo motioned with his head to where John and Jane had been standing a few minutes before; now neither of them were there. I saw Savitri leaving the common area as well, as if she suddenly had someplace to be. â€Å"I wonder where they went,† I said, mostly to myself. â€Å"They're the colony leaders,† Enzo said. â€Å"Maybe now they have to start working.† â€Å"Maybe,† I said. It was unusual for either John or Jane to disappear without telling me where they were going; it was just a common courtesy. I fought back the urge to message them on my PDA. â€Å"So, the observation lounge,† Enzo said, getting himself back to the topic at hand. â€Å"You want to check it out?† â€Å"It's on the crew deck,† I said. â€Å"You think we might get in trouble?† â€Å"Maybe,† Enzo said. â€Å"But what can they do? Make us walk the plank? At worst they'll just tell us to get lost. And until then we'll have a heck of a view.† â€Å"All right,† I said. â€Å"But if Magdy turns into all tentacles, I'm leaving. There are some things I don't need to see.† Enzo laughed. â€Å"Fair enough,† he said, and I snuggled into him a little. This new boyfriend thing was turning out just fine. We spent some more time celebrating with our friends and their families. Then, after things had settled down enough, we followed Magdy and Gretchen through the Magellan and toward the crew observation lounge. I thought sneaking into the crew area might be a problem; not only was it easy, but a crew member coming out of an entrance held it open for us. â€Å"Security is not a huge issue here on the Magellan,† Gretchen said, back to me and Enzo, then looked down at our clasped hands and smiled at me. She was evil, sure, but she was also happy for me. The observation lounge was where it was advertised to be, but alas for Magdy's nefarious plans, it was not empty as promised; four Magellan crew members sat at a table, intent in a conversation. I glanced over to Magdy, who looked like he had just swallowed a fork. I found this rather amusing myself. Poor, poor Magdy. Frustration became him. â€Å"Look,† Enzo said, and still holding my hand, guided me to a huge observation window. Roanoke filled the view, gorgeously green, fully illuminated with her sun behind us, more breathtaking in person than she was on the monitors. Seeing something with your own eyes makes a difference. It was the most beautiful thing I think I'd ever seen. Roanoke. Our world. â€Å"Wrong place,† I heard, barely, from the conversation at the table to the left of me. I glanced over at the table. The four Magellan crew there were so engaged in their conversation and so closed in to each other that it looked like most of their bodies were actually on the table rather than in their seats. One of the crew was sitting with his back to me, but I could see the other three, two men and a woman. The expression on their faces was grim. I have a habit of listening in to other people's conversations. It's not a bad habit unless you get caught. The way not to get caught is to make sure it looks like your attention is somewhere else. I dropped my hand from Enzo's and took a step toward the observation lounge window. This got me closer to the table while at the same time keeping Enzo from whispering sweet nothings in my ear. I kept myself visually intent on Roanoke. â€Å"You don't just miss,† one of the crew members was saying. â€Å"And the captain sure as hell doesn't. He could put the Magellan in orbit around a pebble if he wanted to.† The crew member with his back to me said something low, which I couldn't hear. â€Å"That's crap,† said the first crew member. â€Å"How many ships have actually gone missing in the last twenty years? In the last fifty? No one gets lost anymore.† â€Å"What are you thinking?† I jumped, which made Enzo jump. â€Å"Sorry,† he said, as I turned to give him an exasperated look. I put a finger to my lips to shush him, and then motioned with my eyes at the table now behind me. Enzo glanced behind me and saw the table. What? he mouthed. I shook my head a tiny bit to tell him he shouldn't distract me anymore. He gave me a strange look. I took his hand again to let him know I wasn't upset with him, but then focused my attention back to the table. † – calm. We don't know anything yet,† said another voice, this one belonging (I think) to the woman. â€Å"Who else knows about this?† Another mutter from the crew member facing away from me. â€Å"Good. We need to keep it that way,† she said. â€Å"I'll clamp down on things in my department if I hear anything, but it only works if we all do it.† â€Å"It won't stop the crew from talking,† said someone else. â€Å"No, but it'll slow down the rumors, and that's good enough until we know what's really happened,† the woman said. Yet another mutter. â€Å"Well, if it's true, then we have bigger problems, don't we?† said the woman, and all the strain she was experiencing was suddenly clear in her voice. I shuddered a little; Enzo felt it through my hand and looked at me, concerned. I gave him a serious hug. It meant losing the rest of the conversational thread, but at the moment, it's what I wanted. Priorities change. There was the sound of chairs pushing back. I turned and the crew members – it was pretty clear they were actually officers – were already heading toward the door. I broke away from Enzo to get the attention of the one closest to me, the one who had had his back to me earlier. I tapped him on the shoulder; he turned and seemed very surprised to see me. â€Å"Who are you?† he said. â€Å"Has something happened to the Magellan?† I asked. The best way to learn stuff is not to get distracted, for example, by questions relating to one's identity. The man actually scowled, which is something I'd read about but had never actually seen someone do, until now. â€Å"You were listening to our conversation.† â€Å"Is the ship lost?† I asked. â€Å"Do we know where we are? Is something wrong with the ship?† He took a step back, like the questions were actually hitting him. I should have taken a step forward and pressed him. I didn't. He regained his footing and looked past me to Enzo and Gretchen and Magdy, who were all looking at us. Then he realized who we were, and straightened up. â€Å"You kids aren't supposed to be here. Get out, or I'll have ship's security throw you out. Get back to your families.† He turned to go. I reached toward him again. â€Å"Sir, wait,† I said. He ignored me and walked out of the lounge. â€Å"What's going on?† Magdy asked me, from across the room. â€Å"I don't want to get in trouble because you've pissed off some random crew member.† I shot Magdy a look, and turned to look out the window again. Roanoke still hung there, blue and green. But suddenly not as beautiful. Suddenly unfamiliar. Suddenly threatening. Enzo put his hand on my shoulder. â€Å"What is it, Zoe?† he said. I kept staring out the window. â€Å"I think we're lost,† I said. â€Å"Why?† Gretchen asked. She had come up beside me. â€Å"What were they talking about?† â€Å"I couldn't hear it all,† I said. â€Å"But it sounded like they were saying we're not where we're supposed to be.† I pointed to the planet. â€Å"That this isn't Roanoke.† â€Å"That's crazy,† Magdy said. â€Å"Of course it's crazy,† I said. â€Å"Doesn't mean it might not be true.† I pulled out my PDA from my pocket and tried to connect with Dad. No answer. I tried connecting to Mom. No answer. â€Å"Gretchen,† I said. â€Å"Would you try calling your dad?† Gretchen's dad was on the colonial council my parents headed up. â€Å"He's not answering,† she said, after a minute. â€Å"It doesn't mean anything bad,† Enzo said. â€Å"We did just skip to a new planet. Maybe they're busy with that.† â€Å"Maybe they're still celebrating,† Magdy said. Gretchen smacked him upside the head. â€Å"You really are childish, Magdy,† she said. Magdy rubbed the side of his head and shut up. This evening was not going anything like he had planned. Gretchen turned to me. â€Å"What do you think we should do?† â€Å"I don't know,† I said. â€Å"They were talking about keeping the crew from talking. It means some of them might know what's going on. It won't take long to get to the colonists.† â€Å"It's already gotten to the colonists,† Enzo said. â€Å"We're colonists.† â€Å"We might want to tell someone,† Gretchen said. â€Å"I think your parents and my dad need to know, at least.† I glanced down at her PDA. â€Å"I think they might know already,† I said. â€Å"We should make sure,† she said. So we left the observation lounge and went looking for our parents. We didn't find them; they were in a council meeting. I did find Hickory and Dickory, or rather, they found me. â€Å"I think I should go,† Enzo said, after they'd stared at him, unblinking, for a minute. It wasn't meant as intimidation; they don't blink at all. I gave him a peck on the cheek. He and Magdy left. â€Å"I'm going to listen around,† Gretchen said. â€Å"See what people are saying.† â€Å"All right,† I said. â€Å"Me too.† I held up my PDA. â€Å"Let me know what you hear.† She left. I turned to Hickory and Dickory. â€Å"You two,† I said. â€Å"You were in your room earlier.† â€Å"We came looking for you,† Hickory said. It was the talker of the two. Dickory could talk, but it was always a surprise when it happened. â€Å"Why?† I said. â€Å"I was perfectly safe before. I've been perfectly safe since we left Phoenix Station. The Magellan is entirely threat-free. The only thing you've been good for this entire trip is scaring the crap out of Enzo. Why are you looking for me now?† â€Å"Things have changed,† Hickory said. â€Å"What do you mean?† I asked, but then my PDA vibrated. It was Gretchen. â€Å"That was fast,† I said. â€Å"I just ran into Mika,† she said. â€Å"You won't believe what she said a crew member just told her brother.† The adult colonists may have been either clueless or tight-lipped, but the Roanoke teenage rumor mill was in full swing. In the next hour, this is what we â€Å"learned†: That during the skip to Roanoke, the Magellan had wandered too close to a star and had been thrown out of the galaxy. That there was a mutiny and the first officer had relieved Captain Zane of command because of incompetence. That Captain Zane shot his own traitorous first officer right there on the bridge and said he'd shoot anyone who tried to help him. That the computer systems had failed just before the skip, and we didn't know where we were. That aliens had attacked the ship and were floating out there, deciding whether to finish us off. That Roanoke was poisonous to human life and if we landed there we'd die. That there was a core breach in the engine room, whatever that meant, and that the Magellan was this close to blowing up. That ecoterrorists had hacked into the Magellan's computer systems and sent us off in another direction so that we couldn't ruin another planet. No, wait, it was wildcat colonists-turned-pirates who hacked in, and they were planning to steal our colony supplies because their own were running low. No, wait, it was mutinous crew members who were going to steal our supplies and leave us stranded on the planet. No, wait, it wasn't thieving crew, wildcat pirates or ecoterrorists, it was just some idiot programmer who messed up the code, and now we don't know where we are. No, wait, nothing's wrong, this is just the standard operating procedure. There's not a thing wrong, now stop bothering the crew and let us work, damn it. I want to be clear about something: We knew most of this was crap and nonsense. But what was underneath all the crap and nonsense was just as important: Confusion and unease had spread through the crew of the Magellan, and from them, to us. It moved fast. It told any number of lies – not to lie but to try to make sense of something. Something that happened. Something that shouldn't have happened. Through all of this, nothing from Mom or Dad, or Gretchen's dad, or any of the colony council, all the members of which had suddenly found themselves called into a meeting. The common room, previously deserted after the new world celebrations, began to fill up again. This time people weren't celebrating. They looked confused, and concerned and tense, and some of them were beginning to look angry. â€Å"This isn't going to turn out well,† Gretchen said to me when we reunited. â€Å"How are you doing?† I said. She shrugged. â€Å"Something's happening, that's for sure. Everyone's on edge. It's putting me on edge.† â€Å"Don't go crazy on me,† I said. â€Å"Then there won't be anyone to hold me back when I lose it.† â€Å"Oh, well, for your sake then,† Gretchen said, and rolled her eyes dramatically. â€Å"Well. At least now I'm not having to fight off Magdy.† â€Å"I like how you can see the bright side of any situation,† I said. â€Å"Thanks,† she said. â€Å"How are you?† â€Å"Honestly?† I asked. She nodded. â€Å"Scared as hell.† â€Å"Thank God,† she said. â€Å"It's not only me.† She held up her thumb and finger and marked the tiny space between them. â€Å"For the last half hour I've been this close to peeing myself.† I took a step back. Gretchen laughed. The ship's intercom kicked on. â€Å"This is Captain Zane,† a man's voice said. â€Å"This is a general message for passengers and crew. All crew will assemble in their respective department conference rooms in ten minutes, 2330 ship time. All passengers will assemble in the passenger common area in ten minutes, 2330 ship time. Passengers, this is a mandatory assembly. You will be addressed by your colony leaders.† The intercom went dead. â€Å"Come on,† I said to Gretchen, and pointed to the platform where, earlier in the evening, she and I counted down the seconds until we were at our new world. â€Å"We should get a good place.† â€Å"It's going to get crowded in here,† she said. I pointed to Hickory and Dickory. â€Å"They'll be with us. You know how everyone gives them all the space they want.† Gretchen looked up at the two of them, and I realized that she wasn't terribly fond of them either. Minutes later the council came streaming in from one of the common area side doors and made their way to the platform. Gretchen and I stood in the front, Hickory and Dickory behind us, and at least five feet on every side. Alien bodyguards create their own buffer zone. A whisper in my ear. â€Å"Hey,† Enzo said. I looked over to him and smiled. â€Å"I wondered if you were going to be here,† I said. â€Å"It's an all-colonist meeting,† he said. â€Å"Not here, in general,† I said. â€Å"Here.† â€Å"Oh,† Enzo said. â€Å"I took a chance that your bodyguards wouldn't stab me.† â€Å"I'm glad you did,† I said. I took his hand. On the platform, John Perry, the colony leader, my dad, came forward and picked up the microphone that still lay there from earlier in the evening. His eyes met mine as he reached down to pick it up. Here's the thing to know about my dad. He's smart, he's good at what he does, and almost all the time, his eyes look like he's about to start laughing. He finds most things funny. He makes most things funny. When he looked at me as he picked up the microphone, his eyes were dark, and heavy, and as serious as I had ever seen them. When I saw them I was reminded, no matter how young he looked, how old he really was. For as much as he could make light of things, he was a man who had seen trouble more than once in his life. And he was seeing it again. Now, with us. For all of us. Everyone else would know it as soon as he opened his mouth to tell them, but right then was when I knew – when I saw the truth of our situation. We were lost.

SWOT, PESTEL and Porter Analysis of Diggers Inc. The WritePass Journal

SWOT, PESTEL and Porter Analysis of Diggers Inc. Introduction SWOT, PESTEL and Porter Analysis of Diggers Inc. IntroductionMarket Orientation:The historical development of market orientation:Market orientation in the USA and Europe:Organizational and managerial characteristics of market-orientated companies:Implanting market orientation in organizations:SWOT AnalysisStrengths of Diggers Inc:Weaknesses of Diggers Inc:Opportunities for Diggers Inc:Threats of Diggers Inc:SWOT analysis of CATStrengths of CAT:Weaknesses of CAT:Opportunities for CAT:Threats of Diggers Inc:PESTLE Analysis of Diggers Inc:Political EnvironmentEconomic Environment:Social Environment:Technological Environment:Marketing Mix:Nature of Marketing-MixReferences:Related Introduction Market Orientation: Market orientation is the implementation of the marketing concept. Being oriented marketing is more than just being directed to the customer. It requires the full support of the organization, is fully implemented in the long term and, in fact, you may need a complete change in the culture of an organization. The historical development of market orientation: A parallel can be drawn between the development of an organization and a national economy. Market orientation develops through stages, especially, production, sales and market orientation may be related to supply and demand relations and conditions of competition. Market orientation in the USA and Europe: The development of market orientation was different between the U.S. and Europe, the first, in late 1950, was beginning to recognize the need to put the customer first. In Europe, for its part, the marketing development later due to IInd world war, delay in market integration, heavy regulation, public sector involvement, a strong national identity, the projectionist trends, differences in language, traditions and business practices and a dilatory approach to marketing education. Organizational and managerial characteristics of market-orientated companies: The dilemma of meeting the needs of clients and organizations need to be explored. Research has identified two types of organizations and market orientation: type A and type B-. We must also recognize that the management of a company play a key role in guiding the market and there is indeed a strong relationship between marketing orientation and organizational learning. Implanting market orientation in organizations: The role of management in market orientation can be explored. Market orientation requires a strategic commitment to the organization. It may also require several changes that need to be managed. The guidelines and action plan for the implementation of market orientation can be explored. The growth of their business is based upon a strategy of pure diversification into related business areas, and a true belief throughout the Diggers Inc organisation ‘top-down’ of being customer orientated. The marketing activities are carried out under a well-thought-out philosophy of efficient, effective, and socially responsible marketing of DIGGERS. In fact, there are five competing concepts under which organizations conduct marketing activities: production concept, product concept, selling concept, marketing concept, and societal marketing concept. As the product concept, this has led to more than 300 individual products are now available to meet real customer needs. The marketing concept excavators enlists the help of 680 dealers around the world (26,800 troops), which have a long and established history of working closely with them for many years. Most of them are locally owned businesses and independent. This is often to provide not only considerable added value, but also a competitive advantage, as the distributors work closely with people who know and trust, in areas they know well. Dealers offer a service and spare parts, and financing, while a network of more than 1200 outlets worldwide offering a rental service excavators Inc. To support all this, the infrastructure has 23 distribution centers located in 11 countries, fully supported by the Diggers Inc Team Training Division. SWOT Analysis A tool used by organizations to help the company establish its Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT). (Kotler, 1988: 80.). A SWOT analysis is used as a framework to help the company develop its overall corporate marketing or product strategies. Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors that are controllable by the organization. Opportunities and threats are external factors that are uncontrollable by the organization. Caterpillar â€Å"CAT† is   considered as the big competitor of Diggers due its product line and   company size. In terms of Diggers Inc, its SWOT analysis is as under: Strengths of Diggers Inc: It offers more than 300 products for the real need of its customers. It has 680 dealers worldwide to sell their products. It has 75000 personnel workforce, worldwide. The dealers work closely with people they know well and trust, in areas/regions they know well. To support all this, the infrastructure has 23 distribution centres located in 11 different countries. Weaknesses of Diggers Inc: As the company’s base business is machinery so it will be very difficult to go in new product line. Diggers Inc has a reputation for new product development and creativity. However, they remain vulnerable to the possibility that their innovation may falter over time. The organization has a strong presence in the UK and United States of America with more than three quarters of their outlets located in the home market. It is often argued that they need to look for a portfolio of countries, in order to spread business risk. The organization is dependent on a main competitive advantage, the retail of machineries and engines. This could make them slow to diversify into other sectors should the need arise. Opportunities for Diggers Inc: ‘DIGS’ name becoming a worldwide clothing and footwear brand. Diggers Inc can expand its business to 3rd world countries. Diggers Inc has differentiated again with the ‘DIGS’ name becoming a worldwide clothing and footwear brand. Threats of Diggers Inc: New entrants threats is always present for the Diggers Inc CAT can be a big threat for the Diggers Inc. Government policy e.g. taxation, laws can be big threats. SWOT analysis of CAT Strengths of CAT: It offers more than 300 products for the real need of its customers. It is spread in 23 counties worldwide to sell their products. It has 28310 personnel workforce. To support all this, the infrastructure has 60 distribution centres located in 23 different countries. Weaknesses of CAT: As the company’s core business is related to machinery and engine manufacturers, so it will be very difficult to go in new product line. Diggers Inc has a reputation for new product development and creativity in engineering sector. However, it may be possible that their innovation may not work in new SBUs. The organization is dependent on a main competitive advantage, the retail of machineries and engines. This could make them slow to diversify into other sectors should the need arise. Opportunities for CAT: CAT name becoming a worldwide footwear and Clothing (trousers and caps) brand. CAT has strong grip in 3rd world countires including India and China. CAT is known for its name and logo can be in cash for marketing activities, where appropriate, in terms of new product line. Threats of Diggers Inc: New entrants threats   from BRIC block is always present for CAT, specially from China. CAT can be a big threat for the Diggers Inc. Government policy e.g. taxation, laws can be big threats. PESTLE Analysis of Diggers Inc: PEST LE of PEST analysis, as an analysis framework of macro-environmental factors, is also referred as STEP (Clulow, 2005), SEPT (Narayana and Fahey, 1994: 199-202) or STEEP (Voros, 2001). According to Ward and Rivani (2005), PEST analysis assumes that specific external and indirect circumstances that characterized the business environment are able to influence organizational capacity to produce value.   It is important to identify factors that in turn can affect a number of vital variables that can influence the organizations supply and demand levels and costs. The radical and permanent changes occurring in society create an environment of uncertainty and have an impact on the function of the entire organization. A series of checklists have been developed as a way of cataloging the large number of potential problems that may affect an industry. A PEST analysis is one of them is not a framework that categorizes environmental influences as political, economic, social and technologic al. Sometimes two additional factors, environmental and legal, will be added to make PESTEL analysis, but these issues can be subsumed under others. The analysis examines the impact of each of these factors (and their interaction with others) in the business. The results can be used to exploit opportunities and making contingency plans for threats in the preparation of business and strategic plans claims that PEST analysis is a strategic tool for understanding market growth or decline, business position the potential and direction of operations. Political Environment Political Environment is the laws, official regulations, rules and guidelines some of which are designed to protect people, consumers and communities. Some are designed to make contracts enforceable and to protect property rights. Many are designed to regulate the behavior of the managers and their subordinates. There is relatively little that a manager can do in any organization that is not in some way concerned with, and often specifically controlled by, the existence, introduction or change in laws or regulations. In terms of Diggers Inc, the political environment is suitable and stable in Europe and USA. However, in UK where the recent increased in Tax and new legislation from the Conservatives, central bank’s interest rates can also affect the buying power of customers. Economic Environment: After the latest episode of recession, the economy is recovering slowly, which also can affect the buying power of the customers due to less launching of new development projects in UK. (Guardian, 2010). The Inflation rate has increased to 3.4% which is also a negative sign for the UK’s economy. Source: â€Å"statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=19† Social Environment: The living standard of dropped and people are less spending due to cuts in jobs and inflation. Most of the UK people will be found on low price shops. Although the Diggers Inc has a good reputation in the market, yet it’ll face a huge competition from its revivals especially in clothing and shoes. Technological Environment: The technology is always changing rapidly, so that organizations must adapt quickly in terms of product and process, then convert resources and advances in the opportunities and competitive advantage. As the diggers Inc, has capacity to make any changes to your core business or new business units for its competitive advantage to others. From the above analysis, we conclude that although the Diggers Inc has much competition in its counterpart and revivals, however, is able to embrace change and increase business by building new strategic business units in the industry. To cope with the global recession, which has infected the spending of individuals, the Diggers needs to invest more in R D for diversified business areas, and should use outsourcing to maximize sales by offering cheaper products to its customers. Marketing Mix: According to Stanton, (2000) marketing mix is a combination of four elements (4Ps)Product, Pricing structure, Physical distribution system, and Promotional activities used to satisfy the needs of an organization’s target market (s)and, at the same time, achieve its marketing objectives. Every business enterprises have to determine its marketing-mix for the satisfaction of needs of the customers. Marketing-mix represents a blending of decisions in four areas-product, pricing, promotion and physical distribution. These elements are inter-related because decision in one area usually affects actions in the others. The basic purpose to determining the marketing-mix is to satisfy the needs and wants of the customers in the most effective manner. As the needs of customers and the environmental factors change, the marketing-mix is also changed. Thus, marketing-mix is a dynamic concept. It concentrates on how to satisfy the needs of the customers. Marketing-mix is a combination of several-mixes. Marketing-mix encompasses product-mix (brand, quality, weight, etc.); Price-mix (unit price, discount, credit, etc.); promotion- mix(advertising, salesmanship and sales promotion); and place-mix (distribution channels, transport, storage etc) . Nature of Marketing-Mix Marketing-mix is the marketing managers instrument for the attainment of marketing goals. It is composed of four ingredients: (i) product, (ii) pricing (iii) promotional activities, and (iv) physical distribution. These elements constitute the core of the marketing system of a firm. A marketing manager implements his marketing strategies and policies through these instruments. As the diggers Inc, has developed a new range of scale models toys because the product is good and if not, there are many competitors in the market with different prices. Diggers is to lower the price of its new line of products in the toy industry. To promote the new product, it is necessary to launch the 3D characters in the same models launched. To do this, you must also movies like Transformers the Movie or Legend of the Planet to promote their product. It is also necessary to expand its channels to sell this new product. For this you need to make their presence every street. Branding is something used to show customers that one product is different than the products of another manufacturer. For branding its products, Diggers Inc is using â€Å"I Love DIGS machines† it is a novel concept to use this logo on the caps, T-Shirts, as the company used to deal in Machinery and engines prior, and has segmented itself to a particular group, it’s this marketing strategy will sketch a clear picture of the brand in the customers’ brain. References: Guardian.co.uk. â€Å"Third quarter GDP: what the economists say† [Accessed: 27/10/2010] â€Å"guardian.co.uk/business/2010/oct/26/third-quarter-gdp-what-the-economists-say† Kotler, P. 1988. Marketing Management. New York: Prentice Hall. Narayana,V. and Fahey, L (1994), â€Å"Macroenvironmental analysis: understanding the environment   outside the industry†. In Fahey, L. Randall, R. (Eds), The Portable MBA in strategy, 2nd edition, 189 – 214, New York: Wiley Stanton. J, (2000) Marketing services to ethnic consumers in culturally diverse markets: issues and implications, Journal of Services Marketing, Vol. 14 Iss: 7, pp.607 618 Val Clulow, (2005) Futures dilemmas for marketers: can stakeholder analysis add value?, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 39 Iss: 9/10, pp.978 – 997 Vorvos, J (2001), â€Å"Reframing environmental scanning: an integral approach†. [Online], standsadvisour.nl/buurtonwikkelaar/teks/env-scanning.pdf [Accessed 10/10/2010] Ward. D, Rivani. E, (2005), â€Å"An Overview of Strategy Development Models and the Ward-Rivani Model†.

Seduce, Seduction and Seductive

Seduce, Seduction and Seductive Seduce, Seduction and Seductive Seduce, Seduction and Seductive By Maeve Maddox Wording in an astrological meme I saw on Facebook prompted this post: People born under the sign of Cancer are very observing. They are very seducing and captivating. I thought it odd to use seducing and not seductive in this context. (I was also bothered by the use of observing instead of observant, but that’s another post.) Seduce The most common meaning of seduce in modern usage is probably this one: seduce: To induce a woman to surrender her chastity. In the 16th century, the meaning of seduce was â€Å"to persuade a vassal or soldier or other sworn follower to desert his allegiance or service.† The sexual meaning came along in the 18th century. Seduce is used in a non-sexual sense to mean â€Å"to tempt† or â€Å"to lead astray†: Those brightly coloured palettes  of lipsticks are put at the front of  displays to seduce you into  buying  more.   People are seduced into evil by dehumanizing and labeling others. The principal parts of the verb are seduce, seduced, (have) seduced. The present participle form seducing is used as a verb or a gerund: The earl’s footman was seducing the kitchen maid. (verb used to form the past continuous tense) Don Juan had a reputation for seducing women. (gerund, object of a preposition) Seductive Although seducing was occasionally used as if it were cognate with French seduisant (â€Å"alluring, very attractive†), that meaning in English is conveyed by the adjective seductive. For example, â€Å"Sophia Loren is one of the most beautiful and seductive women in the world.† Like the verb seduce, the adjective seductive is not limited to a sexual connotation. Anything that evokes a strong emotional attraction can be said to be seductive: Tips for Creating a  Seductive  Email  Campaign Cameron’s ‘them and us’ message is a seductive one The seductive appeal of cultural stereotypes The disenfranchised  elements of society are highly vulnerable to the  seductive appeal  of intolerant belief systems. Seducing Used as a qualifier, the participle seducing means, â€Å"tempting to evil† or â€Å"corrupting†: Now the Spirit speaks expressly, that in the latter times some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits, and doctrines of devils.- 1 Timothy 4:1. Freud notes that the abrogation by nations of their moral ties has a seducing influence on the morality of individuals. When I did a web search for the phrase â€Å"very seducing,† I found it predominantly in descriptions of sexually explicit videos. I suppose the purveyors of prurient videos think â€Å"seducing† means sexy, unaware that they’ve stumbled upon a more apt description of their wares. Bottom line: seductive (adjective): sexy, tempting. seducing (adjective): tempting to evil, corrupting. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Homograph ExamplesPeace of Mind and A Piece of One's MindWhat is an Anagram?

Tips for Working on a College Group Project

Tips for Working on a College Group Project Group projects in college can be great experiences or nightmares. From other people not carrying their weight to waiting to the last minute, group projects can quickly turn into an unnecessarily large and ugly problem. By following the basic tips below, however, you can work to ensure that your group project leads to a great grade instead of a massive headache. Set Roles and Goals Early It may seem silly and basic, but setting roles and goals early will help out immensely as the project progresses. Specify who is doing what (research? writing? presenting?), with as much detail as possible and with dates and deadlines when appropriate. After all, knowing that one of your group members is going to complete part of the papers research wont do any good if he completes it after the project due date. Allow a Time Cushion at the End of Your Schedule Lets say the project is due on the 10th of the month. Aim to have everything done by the 5th or the 7th, just to be safe. After all, life happens: people get sick, files get lost, group members flake. Allowing for a little cushion will help prevent major stress (and a possible catastrophe) on the actual due date. Arrange for Periodic Check-ins and Updates You may be working your you-know-what off to finish your part of the project, but not everyone may be as diligent. Arrange to meet as a group every other week to update each other, discuss how the project is going, or even just work on things together. This way, everyone will know the group, as a whole, is on track before it becomes too late to fix the problem. Allow Time for Someone to Check the Final Project With so many people working on a project, things can often seem disconnected or confusing. Check in with a campus writing center, another group, your professor, or anyone else who may be helpful to review your final project before you turn it in. An extra set of eyes can be invaluable for a big project that will have an impact on so many peoples grades. Talk to Your Professor if Someone isnt Pitching In One negative aspect of doing group projects is the possibility that one member (or more!) is not pitching in to help the rest of the group. Although you may feel awkward about doing so, know that its OK to check in with your professor about whats happening (or not happening). You can do this midway through the project or at the end. Most professors will want to know and, if you check in midway through the project, they might be able to give you some advice about how to move forward.

Gender and Sexual Studies - Transgendered Children Essay

Gender and Sexual Studies - Transgendered Children - Essay Example In addition, a California teen identified as Taylor has started a campaign to boycott Girl Scout cookies as a direct response to the admittance of transgendered members (Girl Scout Launches Cookie, 2012). These occurrences have resulted in considerable difficulties and raised complex questions as to the moral ramifications of identity. The popular understanding of the transgendered child is one that identifies or manifests any of the characteristics of the opposite sex (About our transgendered, 2007). One recognizes that this is distinguished from the notion of the transsexual in that the transgendered child may not contain physical characteristics of the opposite sex, but mentally manifests transgendered personality tendencies. Of course, such a notion raises a variety of further difficulties regarding identity. For instance, determining when to label an individual male or female is more complex than simple physical characteristics, as such labels carry with them personality element s. For the individual in the video, Taylor, distinguishing between male and female is a matter of physicality; that is, if one has the organs of a male, then they are male. When further examining Taylor’s contentions and those that seek to restrict transgendered children’s admission to the Girl Scouts it’s clear that their underlining argument is highly problematic. In considering the argumentative position of these individuals, one notes they rely on an antiquated notion of sex and gender identity. Oriel (2000) distinguishes between the Traditional Binary Gender Model and the Revolutionary Gender Model. The Traditional Binary Gender Model considers biological sex, gender expression, and sexual orientation as clearly distinguished between male and female. Oriel (2000) argues that research into the biological sciences has largely discredited the Traditional Binary Gender Model in favor of the Revolutionary Gender Model. The later model argues that gender distinct ions are largely hybrid and dynamic and that individuals will hold separate types of biological sex, gender expression, and sexual orientation. Such findings largely discredit the distinctions made by individuals such as Taylor who seek to clearly distinguish between males and females. In further considering the question of the transgendered child there is a question of whether they should be considered male or female. Currently, the Girl Scouts consider gender categorization to be one of the brain, contending that individuals should be admitted to the Girl Scouts based on whether they identity with the socially constructed notion of femininity. In determining the nature of gender identity on a broader scale, it’s clear that both the Girl Scouts and their opponents have made a mistake in their categorizations. To a large degree the mistake that has been made is a logical error and constitutes an over reliance on linguistic categorizations. Perspectives as embodied by Taylor a nd her video are assuming that necessarily there must be a distinction between male and female. Influenced perhaps by Biblical and social tradition, this argument is based not on biology, but on the assumption that since the word ‘male’ and ‘female’ exists, there must be a corresponding subject in the real world. When one bases categorization on scientific rationality and deconstructs traditional assumptions of ‘

LLB Law - Contract Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

LLB Law - Contract Law - Case Study Example The offer was communicated to Mr Taylor at the price agreed of 35,000 to be payable 24 March, the costumes to be delivered on the same day. Studying this case one must also remember that the definition of consideration is extremely important and relevant. In Currie v Misa (1875) the definition of consideration is clearly understood as a right, interest, profit or benefit to one party, or some forbearance, detriment suffered or undertaken by another. Consideration is the normal 'badge of enforcement' in English Law. Taking a further look at this case the consideration was the amount of money that Mr Baron offered to Mr Taylor in exchange for the goods at the promised time. However Mr Taylor suffered detriment when the full amount of money was not paid. Consideration was given when Mr Baron asked for all all the costumes for the waiters to be delivered before the club opened. Mr Taylor met all the requirements for the contract to be valued whereas Mr Baron did not fulfill the requirements of the contract. The case also deals with executed consideration, for this to be the case there are certain criteria that must be satis fied. In LAMPLEIGH v BRAITWAIT (1615) it was held that the act must have been requested by the promisor. As seen in Mr Baron's case he made the request for the costumes. As per RE CASEY's PATENT (1892) there was an understanding that payment would be made once all the costumes were delivered to Mr Baron for the full amount that he promised. Mr Baron did not pay the full amount he promised on delivery of the goods. Consequently he breached the terms of the contract and Mr Taylor suffered damage. There was an intention to be bound as in the case of Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co [1893] 1 QB 256. Other cases have studied the laws of intention such as; Rose and Frank Co v JR Crompton & Bros [1923] There was a clear intention on the part of Mr Baron to create legal relations since he communicated his needs when he found out that Mr Taylor's staff were far behind with their work and that the costumes may not be finished by opening night. Mr Baron clearly wanted the work carried out and clearly communicated the amount of money he wanted in return for the goods. When Mr Baron realized that the goods might not be ready for opening time he communicated a new agreement that he would pay a further 3000 only if the goods were ready in time for opening. This resulted in Mr Taylor requesting all of his workers to design Mr Baron's costumes exclusively. Therefore Mr Taylor was running at a loss if Mr Baron did not pay the full amount since he could not ask his workers to work on anything else during this time period. This resulted in damages to Mr Taylor and his company when Mr Baron refused to keep his promise and pay the full amount. This relates to the decision made in WILLIAMS v ROFFEY BROS(1991), where it was held that where a party to an existing

Understanding Challenges In The Third Sector Essay - 4

Understanding Challenges In The Third Sector - Essay Example I realized that human resource is a challenge to the third sector. Specifically, distinction between the role of the volunteer and the regular employees often bring many challenges (Tilly, 2011 p 23). among them include planning the activities of the agency with the volunteers. The agency depends on the human resource in running its activities an aspect that makes reliance on the volunteers quite challenging. As the name suggest, a volunteer may seize to be a staff of the agency. I think soliciting funds is a challenge to the agency because it has a direct impact on running the activity of the organizations. Before the children get into the hands of their adopters, for instance, they live under the care of the agency. This means that the agency has to solicit funds that can sustain the program. Moreover, the agency does know when the adopters would knock at the agency’s door. I think this explains the reasons for allocating funds for nearly every person under the umbrella of the organization. Although third sector has been in place for a number of years, lack of understanding between funders and state based purchasers makes the running of the agency quite hard. I believe that this misconception is worrying because it shifts the attention of either group, an aspect that might dent the functions of the organization. Arguably, lack of awareness among the main players contributes to this situation (Tilly, 2011 p12). Further, the recognition of the brands used by the third sector is an important step that would help in changing the situation. I think formalization of the activities of the firm would not only influence the future state of the firm, but also change the present trends in handling issues within the agency. I think distinction between the beneficiaries and the other persons is gnawing at the agency. In turn, the reverberation of this challenge affects normal activities

Article Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Presentation - Article Example Delving into influence borne by the dollar deficit with respect to the nation’s trade adjustment we see that there exist three main pillars: Invoicing international transactions, High US distribution cost and Market share concerns of foreign export (Goldberg and Dillon, 5) A consolidated view on the invoicing aspect clearly reveals that the import invoiced in dollars s just as the export, hence a dollar deficit acts as a saw that cuts both sides. Furthermore, the dollar deficit in a way results to high marketing and distribution costs that are subsequently relayed to consumers in form of high prices on goods. Consequently, a low trade exchange is experienced between the US and here trade partners and most devastating is that there arises an unparallel trade system for example due to the dollar deficit European goods Marketed to the US on a Euro basis upper hand. Therefore, the power of controlling the profit margins is subsequently lost and is vested on the trading currency of the European nation- the result is abnormally high prices of goods (Dillon,

Interracial Marriages As Phenomenon In Modern Society Essay

Interracial Marriages As Phenomenon In Modern Society - Essay Example Landry has spent five years with the African American husband who was her college fellow. After the divorce, she married the Caucasian husband and has been living with him for four years. When she reflects back upon the two experiences, she realizes that race was never a strong issue. Landry parted ways with her ex-husband because there was the communication gap between them and he was disloyal to her. Besides, they had issues related to money. Therefore, when Landry searched for a husband the second time, she placed more emphasis upon his commitment towards budget and his tendency to exchange views frequently and maintain loyalty to her in marriage than the race he belonged to. Landry spent twelve years as a single after her divorce. In those years, she spent time with numerous men from different ethnic origins. Having dated men of different professions and racial backgrounds, Landry reached the conclusion that two people’s resemblance in the level of intelligence, personal i nterests, aspirations, and values were much stronger determinants of their compatibility with each other than race could ever be. Landry has evaluated the potential advantages and disadvantages of interracial marriages in this article. Discussing the pros of interracial marriages, Landry first discusses personal growth. The successful marriage requires the partners to grow together with the passage of time. Marital partners can enhance their growth by sharing with each other and appreciating the challenges arising from their cultural and racial differences. Landry has noticed that her Caucasian husband’s behavior is changed for the better after marrying her. He has started to understand how people of color may feel like strangers in settings where the others don’t look like them. He had a new experience of going to church with an African American wife as a lone white man.

Critically evaluate one approach to organisational culture change - Essay

Critically evaluate one approach to organisational culture change - Yandex Case Study - Essay Example Justify your recommendations with supporting evidence. Yandex is the leading search engine in Russia. The success of the firm is closely related to its strategic decisions and its structure. However, it is clear that certain interventions are required in order for the firm’s goals to be fully achieved. The update of the firm’s OD strategy would be a potential solution for the above problem. The OD framework developed by Brown (2011), see also Graph 1 – Appendix, can be considered as a quite effective tool for developing the particular task. Primarily, the involvement of this tool in the restructuring of the firm’s OD strategy should be appropriately justified; reference should be made to the firm’s goals. ... Despite the fact that the promotion of the above strategy has helped the firm to keep its performance at high levels, still there is a series of organizational issues, which need to be appropriately addressed. The change of the firm’s existing OD strategy would be the most effective way for achieving the above target. This change could be based on the OD framework of Brown (2011), see Graph 1, Appendix. In the context of this framework, the firm’s current strategy should be restructured at the following points: a) at the first stage, the need for change should be clearly defined – meaning that the firm’s strategic managers should understand this need and should be willing to support it; Yandex is a firm well established in the Russian market, controlling the 57% of the specific market; the profitability of the firm is high, being increased at a level of 80% annually (page 2, case study); moreover, its employees are chosen through a detailed recruitment pro cess which guarantees that only candidates with the necessary skills enter the organization; from this point of view, the change of the firm’s strategy – in one or more areas – would have many chances of success, taking into consideration the exceptional relationships among employees and the high level of communication/ cooperation across the organization, b) emphasis should be given on the improvement of the relationship between the employees and the clients; despite the fact that communication and collaboration in the internal organizational environment is highly developed, in the firm’s external environment the following problem seems to exist: the relationship between

Interracial Marriages As Phenomenon In Modern Society Essay

Interracial Marriages As Phenomenon In Modern Society - Essay Example Landry has spent five years with the African American husband who was her college fellow. After the divorce, she married the Caucasian husband and has been living with him for four years. When she reflects back upon the two experiences, she realizes that race was never a strong issue. Landry parted ways with her ex-husband because there was the communication gap between them and he was disloyal to her. Besides, they had issues related to money. Therefore, when Landry searched for a husband the second time, she placed more emphasis upon his commitment towards budget and his tendency to exchange views frequently and maintain loyalty to her in marriage than the race he belonged to. Landry spent twelve years as a single after her divorce. In those years, she spent time with numerous men from different ethnic origins. Having dated men of different professions and racial backgrounds, Landry reached the conclusion that two people’s resemblance in the level of intelligence, personal i nterests, aspirations, and values were much stronger determinants of their compatibility with each other than race could ever be. Landry has evaluated the potential advantages and disadvantages of interracial marriages in this article. Discussing the pros of interracial marriages, Landry first discusses personal growth. The successful marriage requires the partners to grow together with the passage of time. Marital partners can enhance their growth by sharing with each other and appreciating the challenges arising from their cultural and racial differences. Landry has noticed that her Caucasian husband’s behavior is changed for the better after marrying her. He has started to understand how people of color may feel like strangers in settings where the others don’t look like them. He had a new experience of going to church with an African American wife as a lone white man.

Rappaccinis Daughter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Rappaccinis Daughter - Essay Example Furthermore it is observed that generally women are physically weaker than men that has led to an imbalance in power throughout the history of mankind, this can also be seen in â€Å"Rappaccini’s Daughter† and the control of her father over her. As Homas and Zaitzow also state that, â€Å"men and women are socialized from birth into gender-specific roles based on social definitions of masculinity and femininity†¦women are expected to be weak, dependent, passive, emotional, noncompetitive and subservient† (184). A similar behavior is also observed towards Beatrice as well throughout the course of the story may it be in Beatrice’s relationship with her Giovanni or her father or her suffering because of Baglioni’s poison. Throughout the story Rappaccini treats her daughter as his property or better yet as a specimen for his experiments. Moreover according to Baglioni Rappaccini, Cares infinitely more for science than for mankind. His patients are interesting to him only as subjects for some new experiment. He would sacrifice human life, his own among the rest, or whatever else was dearest to him, for the sake of adding so much as a grain of mustard seed to the great heap of his accumulated knowledge (). These lines aptly illustrates Rappaccini’s obsession with his experiments and hints on the fact that her daughter might be a part of his experiments which is later confirmed in the story. If the reasons for such manipulation are delved deeper, then the readers infer that since no one could question him for his actions in those times because daughters were considered as the responsibility of their fathers hence that gave him the right to decide her fate and he got away with his machinations. This also explains Rappaccini’s actions of choosing Giovanni as his future son-in-law as well as a new experiment because he thought he was making the best decision for his daughter. As the girl states, â€Å"But my father,- -he has united us in this fearful sympathy† (). Then again it is also interesting to note the manner in which the women of those times were brought up i.e. they were taught to be docile and made the sacrificing souls for all times. As it is also apparent from the lines when she says, â€Å"Yes; spurn me, tread upon me, kill me! Oh, what is death after such words as thine† (). Although she realizes it was her father’s Machiavellian plotting that has poisoned Giovanni for life yet she asks for death rather than either confronting her father or letting Giovanni confront him. Moreover the title of the story also suggests the nameless existence of the daughter who is known as Rappaccini’s daughter rather than being given a name. This anonymity in the title also symbolizes the mind set of that society where women were properties who were owned rather than individuals. Moreover it is interesting to note that there is a constant power struggle going on between Rap paccini and Baglioni as well as Rappaccini and Giovanni while their pawn in this game of power struggle is Beatrice. As it is observed that in the former’s case Baglioni suggests to use the antidote to save Beatrice without her consent and although it is not actually stated in the story yet the readers can infer that one of the reasons that Baglioni interferes is that he wants to unveil Rappaccini’s practice and assure that his position as a professor is secure. As it is mentioned in the text that he says, â€Å"Rappaccini is said to have instructed her deeply in his science, and that, young and beautiful as fame reports her, she is already qualified to fill a professor's chair. Perchance her father destines her for mine!†

Steel In Modern Architecture History Essay

Steel In Modern Architecture History Essay Along came the industrial revolution which was between the periods of the 18th and the 19th century after ages and ages of ignorance and poverty. The industrial revolution had a dramatic growth in every field of life. These revolutionary changes took place in whole Europe especially Great Britain and the power of steam (which was discovered by James Watt in 1783) was the number one reason behind it next to the manpower; the workers have worked hard between mines and factories. It started with the mechanization of the textile industries instead of the animal and agricultural work only. The industrial revolution which began around the 1800 was followed by a second industrial revolution in 1850.a lot of discoveries were witnessed by this era including electricity and the development of all the machine tools. The following era was the machine age which had a noticeable change in the history of technology, agriculture and architecture due to the discovery of more power resources as coal a nd trade expansion was enabled by the introduction of canals, roads and railways and mostly the discovery of the iron ore. The discovery of iron moreover the ability of shaping it considered a big achievement. Types of iron will be discussed later. Followed by discovery of steel which is another form of iron alloy containing less carbon and other metals are added to give it extra properties like manganese, silicon and chromium. Iron and Steel are found in the earth crust in the form of alloys as they are not deep hidden in the earth and such materials are reactive with the air oxygen. After extracting steel and being cleaned from the impurities .although, impurities sometimes could be useful for enhancing the strength of iron or steel. The final steel products always contain small percentages of metallic impurities like silicon, manganese, sulphur and phosphorus besides iron and carbon. The whole idea of introducing steel goes back to Hennery Bessemer in1858 depending on coal and th e furnace. Many techniques were devised for steel treatment and many types were derived too (examples will be discussed). After introducing these kinds of materials to the 18th century nothing was left for the thinkers and the ambiguous inventors but to seize the opportunities think, document and produce, and that was the 18th century all about. Expansion took place in all branches of life the industrial, the agricultural, economic, population and most importantly in the construction and architectural strategies. A lot of achievements were done like building factories, bridges, rail ways, habitats instead of poor work shops and small cottages. The research is discussing the steel role in the development of building construction and architecture especially the means of transportaion of this era, the various options and privileges given by steel at the age. From iron which is the second available metal in the earth right after aluminun till steel it was quite a time and journey discoveries as it was previously discussed. The discoveries of iron consecutively: Pig iron: basic row iron obtained from molten iron ore in the furnace and appears in the form of blocks called pigs. It is hard but not on daily basis use. Cast iron: cast iron is liquid molten iron which is shaped by pouring in mould to have iron units and structural shapes. Cast iron is hard, brittle, reactive with air and hard to shape. Wrought iron: is the mix of liquid iron and slag. The out come is a much less tough, easy to shape and relatively easy shaping alloy. Besides, the discovery of steel and its types: Mild steel: low carbon steel ductile, malleable, elastic. Carbon steels: which depends mainly on high carbon levels which varies from 1.55% to 0.55% which is very strong more elastic than mild steel Alloy steels: basically steel mixed with iron and reinforcing metals, tool steel: harder than the alloy steel used for making the machines and daily used tools. stainless steel discovered in 1911 by the British scientist Harry Brearley which is the best of its kind due to the high corrosion resistivity due to the presence of the high proportionality of chromium rather than steel contain carbon ferrous 88% and cementite 12%. Stainless steel used on a very large scale in many western buildings and sky scrapers. It is believed that, steel has contributed so much to the building industry over all. The development of the buildings and the variety of their purposes kept in crystallizing. The start was green houses made out of glass and steel. Building rail ways and bridges to transport iron to the factories to extract and produce iron then building the workers habitats to be near their work and that is how wheel of construction kept on going forward. which derived the idea of multi story building using the skeleton steel frames. If anybody thought about the wonders of the 19th century e.g. the statue of liberty, the Eiffel tour, the capitol the first thing that comes to the mind is the construction material which is the steel. For a lot of people the most important steel achievement was the railways and bridges they played such an important role to get the whole country but the whole of Europe. The first railway station shed to herald the forthcoming art of engineering during the pioneering phase of the rail ways was Charles foxs Euston station in London 1835-1838 sets an exact example of the new type of buildings in cities which means that the industrial engineering had begun and stopped encouraging quoting monumental buildings. Euston station was the point of departure of Birmingham a line that was built by Robert Stephenson while the spatial structure concept was the work of Charles fox and it was his first work. The station was the first sign of the upcoming modern engineering. The entire front of the station was designed by Philip Hardwick (Victorian architect).the railway created a new impression because of the different structure and a new field of design emerged featuring over wider spans. One new concept of the work of Richard turner which was the design for the lime street station in Liverpool 1847-1849, an interpretation of the trussed frame work divided into thr ee angles by compression members and tie rods that Camille polonceau had first developed for his thesis at Ecole des arts et manufactories in Paris in 1837. Railway architecture considered the primary school of modern architecture. Two schools of culture struggled to lend station their appearance as it could not be know whether to apply the style oriented by the Ecole de Beaux-Arts or the technical methods of the championed engineering prestigious schools of the Victorian, Napoleonic, Haussmann and Wilhelminaian era there light, airy sheds that reflect the industrial side of the constructions. Clearly there were no standards no visions or references so they had to strife for the fascination of new places and technology in the era with the iron and glass that influenced a new perception of space and time. The two schools could not get along. Euston station pictures: From the most important means transportation are bridges and there joints. Bridges connected the whole country to gather which made it easier for practicing all the activities without being delayed from agriculture or business. The joint was the key to the second revolution in the bridge building the break through to lightness. The transfer from stone arch techniques to cast and wrought iron was quite important. The pliable structure was introduced by German engineer Johann Wilhelm in1865 and the engineer Armand Moisant used for 115-meter-span machine hall at 1889 world exhibition in Paris. Which represented a transition from engineering to architecture, also the amazing frame work le tour d Eiffel created a new image of space. Three building types are to be examined in detail: bearing wall, cage frame, and skeleton frame. Skeleton frames, which use a system of columns and beams to support a buildings interior floors and exterior walls, turned previous logic on its head: masonry walls were reduced in importance from the element that carried all structural loads and defined buildings appearance and construction quality to decorative weather screens with no structural purpose. Because all three building types include steel beams carrying fire-resistant floors, all represent latenineteenth century building technology. The introduction of new building materials and systems. based on the mechanization of mines, foundries, and mills began in the United States in the 1830s. One of the great technological changes of the nineteenth century was the introduction of skeleton framing as the common method of supporting large buildings. To sum up, before the dawn of the Industrial Revolution Britain was a quite different place with respect Britain that exists today. So before the Industrial Revolution it was very hard to keep in touch with people in other parts of the country Industrialisation brought with it new types of roads, trains and many other forms of communications which simply did not exist prior to industrialisation. Industry created a need for new types of buildings, and at the same time new building materials and techniques were being made available by industry huge spaces, unobstructed by bulky vertical supports and hard steel. If it werent for steel the industrial revolution would not have launched with such success. Thanks to steel the people of England became more active in there society and helped raising there nation. Every country should take example of what the English hard labour achieved, the adaptation of its factory system. Last but not least, apparently the style of this architecture is modern and for the architects this considered the modernization phase. it is believed that choosing the term revolution is inaccurate as these changes did not happened in a day and night but it was the labour of hard working and experimenting for many years. Although, after seeing such astonishing inventions could give this era the term revolution. Finally, the machine age had its modern impact on the architecture; in the third millennium architecture will be developed more and more. Who can imagine life without these important changes and do not try to react with it. Frankly, the development of any society measured only as how is strong its manpower